ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2026
Monitoring endocrine-disrupting chemicals and microbial diversity of wastewater treatment maturation ponds.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including synthetic hormones, pesticides, and personal care products (PPCPs), are frequently detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. EDCs' persistence in aquatic environments poses risks to human and ecological health, given that EDCs are not firmly regulated under South African legislation. The chemical and microbial compositions of a WWTP utilizing maturation ponds in Bloemfontein, South Africa, focusing on selected EDCs (atrazine [ATZ], 17α-ethinylestradiol [EE2], triclosan [TCS], and bisphenol A [BPA]) were investigated. The physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples collected over 6 months were measured onsite. LC-MS/MS analysis and bacterial 16S rRNA and eukaryotic sequencing were performed to determine the EDC concentrations and microbial compositions. Wastewater samples exhibited alkaline, oxic, mesophilic, and oxidative conditions. The EDC concentrations showed variability, with 17α-ethinylestradiol reaching 125 µg/L. Bisphenol A concentration ranged between 0.003 and 0.587 µg/L, that of atrazine from 0.009 to 0.134 µg/L, and that of triclosan from 0.069 to 0.316 µg/L, which were lower than those reported in other South African studies. Microbial community structures revealed Proteobacteria (35.12%) and Bacteroidetes (18.50%) as the dominant bacterial phyla. Among eukaryotes, Ascomycota and unclassified taxa accounted for 13.14% and 68.85%, respectively.
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