ArticleJournal of virology2026
Effect of TAR hairpin stabilization on HIV-1 reverse transcription.
Article in Journal of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Reverse transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome requires the first strand transfer that relies on a base-pairing interaction between the 3' R sequence of the genomic RNA (gRNA) and the r sequence of the strong-stop DNA (ssDNA). The annealing reaction between the cTAR hairpin of ssDNA and the TAR hairpin of gRNA plays an essential role in r-3' R pairing. Studies suggest that HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) has only a minor role in ssDNA synthesis but facilitates the annealing reaction by destabilizing the two complementary hairpins. We designed mutations to increase the stability of the cTAR DNA hairpin. These mutations should impair the NC-mediated annealing process, but not other viral processes. We investigated the effects of mutations in the annealing reaction, viral infectivity, and reverse transcription in infected cells. The mutations stabilizing the lower stem of the cTAR hairpin impair the annealing reaction, strongly reduce HIV-1 replication, and the amount of full-length ssDNA in infected cells. The
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