Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42052862›Full record

ArticleInternal medicine journal2026

Immune checkpoint inhibitor cardiomyotoxicity: a case series of five patients and development of a clinical management algorithm.

S Z Xie, J E Salem, A Nagrial, A Menzies, L Thomas, S Ramanathan, L J Berglund, S C Sasson, A C Grey, R Habib and 5 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Internal medicine journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

S Z XieDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-5362
J E SalemDepartment of Pharmacology, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
A NagrialFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
A MenziesFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
L ThomasFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
S RamanathanDepartment of Neurology, Concord Clinical School, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
L J BerglundDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
S C SassonDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
A C GreyDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
R HabibFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-2389
M WongDepartment of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
M S CarlinoFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
B JeffreyDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5271-4256
J MoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
M W LinDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have revolutionised the management of a range of malignancies. However, the syndrome of ICI induced cardiomyotoxicity, also reported as triple "M" syndrome (myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis) is an unfortunate severe consequence in up to 1%-2% of patients receiving ICI, with an associated mortality of up to 50%. Based on international evidence and local experience, we have developed a clinical pathway in our institution as a guide to the early identification and targeted management of this condition.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMyocarditisMyositisAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscheckpoint inhibitorICI cardiomyotoxicitymyocarditis

Identifiers

PMID42052862
PMCPMC13193349

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.