ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Stimuli-Responsive Nasal in situ Gel Drug Delivery Systems: from Material Design to Clinical Translation.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nose-to-Eye Delivery: The Potential of Intranasal Administration in Ophthalmology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Immunomodulatory Strategies for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Intranasal Biodegradable Nanomedicine for Epilepsy Management: Targeting the Brain Beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As a novel drug delivery system responsive to environmental stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength, etc). nasal in situ gels undergo phase transition to provide breakthrough solutions for precision and long-term management of nasal disorders through the integration of targeted therapy and sustained-release technology. Following nasal administration, the liquid formulation rapidly transforms into a semi-solid gel depot on the mucosal surface, significantly prolonging drug residence time and reducing drug loss due to mucociliary clearance. This process enhances local drug concentration and therapeutic persistence. Incorporating mucoadhesive technology and controlled-release drug-loading systems, this platform enables precise delivery of anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, and immunomodulatory agents to lesion sites. It effectively mitigates systemic side effects (e.g. drowsiness, hepatic/renal burden) associated with conventional dosage forms while reinforcing nasal mucosal barrier repair. Clinical studies confirm its superior efficacy and safety profile in conditions requiring long-term therapy, including allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and central nervous system disorders. Its mild gelation properties enhance patient tolerance, and single/every-other-day dosing regimens significantly improve compliance. Further optimization of release kinetics through multi-level drug-loading techniques (e.g. composite nanoparticles) demonstrates potential in gene therapy and vaccine delivery. This review systematically examines material design strategies, drug release mechanisms, clinical advancements, and translational challenges, with focused analysis on the impact of gelation kinetics on delivery efficiency, bottlenecks in scaled-up production. The work aims to provide theoretical foundations for optimized design and clinical translation while exploring future prospects for multifaceted applications in the era of precision medicine.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.