ArticleRSC advances2026
Synthesis and antibacterial activity study of anti-biofilm agents based on American oyster defensin analog A4.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Imidazo[2,1-Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic infections caused by bacterial biofilms represent a challenging clinical issue. The formation of biofilms markedly complicates the treatment of bacterial infections and frequently contributes to the development of drug-resistant strains. Anti-biofilm agents, encompassing a class of chemically or biologically active substances, are capable of inhibiting the formation of microbial biofilms or disrupting pre-existing biofilm structures. Antimicrobial peptides, as anti-biofilm agents, effectively interfere with the formation and stability of biofilms. As an analog of American oyster defensin (AOD), A4 displays superior antibacterial activity, diverse modes of action (including DNA interaction and inhibition of DNA amplification), and low toxicity. The purpose of this study is to develop new anti-biofilm agents with higher activity and better stability based on A4. By tuning amino acid configuration and substituting disulfide bonds, four analogs (D-A4, A4-T1, A4-T2, and A4-T3) were designed and synthesized. Results of antibacterial assays indicated that all analogs maintained broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with D-A4 exhibiting enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Crystal violet staining assays demonstrated that D-A4 effectively inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations as low as 1/2 × MIC. Stability assays revealed that D-A4 exhibited high stability in both proteolytic and serum environments. With potent activity, excellent stability, and low toxicity, D-A4 holds great promise as an anti-biofilm agent against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.