ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Association of pre-adolescent adverse childhood experiences with adolescent cholesterol levels: findings from the A-CHILD longitudinal study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well known to be associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood. However, its effect on adolescent health remains underexplored, particularly, how cumulative ACE exposure during childhood influences cholesterol levels in adolescence. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between cumulative ACE exposure during elementary school and cholesterol levels in middle school using population-based longitudinal study. Method: We used longitudinal data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study which followed students from elementary through junior high school in Adachi City, Tokyo from 2015 to 2022 ( Results: Out of 1,460 adolescents, 876 (60%) experienced at least 1 ACE during elementary school. Total cumulative effect of ACEs on cholesterol was not observed. Physical abuse and poverty were associated with reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (β = -1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI); -3.07, 0.01 and β = -1.96, 95% CI; -3.34, -0.59, respectively), adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: Experiencing physical abuse and poverty in elementary school were associated with lower HDL cholesterol in adolescence.
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