SynthesisFrontiers in neurology
Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training on cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms in older people with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of rehabilitation interventions in preventing cancer metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate the available scientific evidence on the effects of virtual reality based cognitive training on cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance, and depressive symptoms in older peoples with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched through March 2026. Additional sources included the reference lists of relevant studies. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale, RoB 2, and GRADEpro tools. Eligible studies included RCTs that evaluated immersive and non-immersive VR-based cognitive training interventions in older peoples with MCI, reporting outcomes on cognitive function, IADLs, or depressive symptoms. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024558108). Results: Of 2,433 screened records, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses revealed significant effects of VR-based cognitive training on cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Conclusion: VR-based cognitive training was associated with improvements in cognitive performance, instrumental activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms in older people with mild cognitive impairment. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity across studies, mixed risk of bias, and the moderate certainty of the evidence. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024558108, identifier (CRD42024558108).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.