ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
The role and prospects of extracellular vesicles in advanced drug and vaccine delivery.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular Vesicles: Classification, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Fungal extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in candidiasis: biogenesis, virulence, and CNS diagnostic applications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk of extracellular vesicles in maternal-fetal interaction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as natural nanoscale carriers with exceptional biocompatibility, target specificity, and drug-loading capabilities, positioning them as promising tools in the field of drug and vaccine delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape surrounding EV-based delivery systems, highlighting their applications in mRNA vaccines and cancer immunotherapy. By examining the biological properties of EVs, along with contemporary methods for their isolation, modification, and functionalization, the review contrasts EVs with traditional nanocarriers such as lipid nanoparticles, emphasizing both their unique advantages and the challenges they face. Furthermore, we discuss recent clinical developments and ongoing trials that underscore the translational potential of EVs. Ultimately, this article aims to elucidate the pivotal role of EVs as next-generation platforms for advanced drug and vaccine delivery, offering insights into future research directions and therapeutic innovations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.