Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42051363›Full record

ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2026

NIR-Activated ICG-Loaded M2 Macrophage Exosomes Ameliorate Periodontitis via Targeting Infection Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Xincong Li, Xin Fu, Tianyu Zhang, Xiaofan Cheng, Hai Zhuang, Zhilei Mao, Shoushan Bu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. M2 Macrophages Attenuate AQP2Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xincong LiDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
Xin FuDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
Tianyu ZhangDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
Xiaofan ChengDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
Hai ZhuangDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
Zhilei MaoChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-1350
Shoushan BuDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial inflammatory disease. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-exos) possess targeted immunomodulatory abilities, but their role in mitigating oxidative stress (key for periodontitis treatment) remains unclear. In this study, we engineered M2-exos loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) (ICG@M2-exos) for the treatment of periodontitis. The constructed ICG@M2-exos effectively facilitated macrophage reprogramming from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, thereby resolving chronic inflammation and enhancing periodontal tissue repair. Under near-infrared irradiation, ICG conferred potent antibacterial efficacy against

Identifiers

PMID42051363
PMCPMC13113311

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.