ArticleTropical medicine and health2026
Molecular epidemiology and factors associated with HBV transmission among schoolchildren and household members in central Vietnam.
Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and molecular epidemiology of HBV infection among schoolchildren and household members (HHMs) in Vietnam.
methodsA cross-sectional community survey on hepatitis B virus markers among randomly selected schoolchildren was conducted in Nha Trang City, central Vietnam. Then, a follow-up case-control study was conducted as a household contact investigation among HHMs of children who tested HBsAg-positive (cases) and HHMs of grade-matched children (1:3 ratio) who tested HBsAg-negative (controls). HBV markers, risk factors associated with HBsAg-positive, molecular epidemiology of transmission, and genome mutations were investigated.
resultsA total of 1,210 schoolchildren enrolled, 57.9% received HepB full vaccination, 1.1% HBsAg-positive, and 20.2% anti-HBs-positive were observed. Among household contacts of HBsAg-positive children, a high prevalence of HBsAg positivity was observed (54.5%), whereas the prevalence among household contacts of HBsAg-negative children was substantially lower (2.5%), indicating marked intra-household clustering of HBV infection. HBV-positive schoolchildren and their mothers were predominantly grouped within the same genetic clusters. Genotypes B4 (68.0%) and C1 (32.0%) were detected. No HBV drug resistance mutations were found, but vaccine-escape mutants (VEMs) and occult HBV infection (OBI)-associated mutations in preS/S, as well as other mutations, were observed.
conclusionsSchoolchildren had a low HBV-positive rate, and HHMs of HBsAg-positive schoolchildren had a higher rate of HBV infection. Mutations previously associated in the literature with advanced liver disease were identified.
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