ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2026
Characterization and intervention impacts on litter across public land types in Northern Idaho.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Litter in recreational areas presents a growing management challenge as public land visitation increases, yet it remains critically understudied compared to urban and marine environments. This study provides the first systematic characterization of litter composition and accumulation patterns in US inland recreational campgrounds, examining four Idaho State Parks and one national forest site during the 2021 camping season. We collected and analyzed 4834 litter items (13.5 kg) from 42 campsites and 3-day use areas, revealing a distinctive waste profile that differs markedly from other environments: plastic comprised 78.6% of litter, substantially exceeding proportions found in roadways and traditional waste streams. Critically, we demonstrate that campgrounds support urban-level population densities (median 4252 people/km
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