Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42050097›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral medicine2026

Social and economic marginalization in the context of a public health emergency: HIV care disruptions experienced by black sexual minority men (BSMM).

Sarita D Lee, Daniel E Siconolfi, Lance M Pollack, Wilson Vincent, Chadwick K Campbell, Susan M Kegeles, Erik D Storholm

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarita D LeeSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, 6475 Alvarado Road Suite 118, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA. slee20@sdsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-4343
Daniel E SiconolfiBehavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND, Santa Monica, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7805-5410
Lance M PollackCenter for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2582
Wilson VincentDepartment of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-4958
Chadwick K CampbellHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-5762
Susan M KegelesCenter for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-2275
Erik D StorholmSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, 6475 Alvarado Road Suite 118, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-4248

Funding

Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health-Related ResearchR01MH102171 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KEGELES, SUSAN M. · 2013 to 2017
$3.3M
Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Prevention among Sexual Minority MenR01MH126762 · NIMH · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI STORHOLM, ERIK D. · 2021 to 2025
$3.2M
An Intervention to Increase Retention in Care among HIV-Positive Black MenK23MH111402 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI VINCENT, WILSON · 2017 to 2020
$1.0M
Investigating the Impact of Substance Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and COVID-19 on HIV Care Engagement among Young Black Sexual Minority Men with HIV in the US SouthR21DA053164 · NIDA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI STORHOLM, ERIK D. · 2021 to 2022
$477k
NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA053164NIDA NIH HHS R21DA053164NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH111402NIMH NIH HHS K23MH111402NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH102171NIMH NIH HHS R01MH102171NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH126762NIMH NIH HHS R01MH126762
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHIV in the United States disproportionately affects Black sexual minority men (BSMM), including disparities in HIV care engagement and outcomes. During public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, marginalized populations such as BSMM may face additional barriers to HIV care engagement.

methodsWe examined associations between HIV care engagement (current antiretroviral therapy use, healthcare visits for HIV, viral load testing, viral load suppression) and experiencing COVID-19-related disruptions to HIV care in a sample of BSMM living with HIV in 2022 (n = 172). We then examined correlates of having experienced a COVID-19-related disruption to HIV care, spanning multiple variable groups: socioeconomic, substance use, mental health, social and structural, and strength and resilience.

resultsSocial and structural variables, including transportation, intimate partner violence victimization, and experiences of discrimination showed the strongest associations with experiencing a COVID-19-related disruption to HIV care, followed closely by internalized HIV stigma, and strengths and resilience (treatment adherence self-efficacy, HIV social support). Socioeconomic variables and substance use variables, overall, had less robust associations with COVID-19-related care disruptions than these other variable groups.

conclusionLived experiences and resources that reflect social marginalization are associated with disruptions to HIV care during a period of intense social and economic upheaval. These findings point to important areas for future research, as well as considerations for building more robust, adaptable, accessible, and holistic HIV care systems that promote greater engagement and improved outcomes both during times of relative stability as well as during periods of significant upheaval.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCOVID-19HIV InfectionsSexual and Gender MinoritiesSocial MarginalizationAdultHumansMaleMiddle AgedPublic HealthResilience, PsychologicalSocial StigmaSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthUnited StatesBlack sexual minority menHealth care accessHIV care engagementPublic health emergenciesSocial marginalizationSocio-ecological model

Identifiers

PMID42050097
PMCPMC13271195

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.