Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2026
A series of N-of-1 dietary intervention studies with whole-grain foods and nuts reveals individual predictors of blood pressure and heart rate.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04326686 (Examining Factors Influencing Adherence to and Efficacy of a Wholegrains and Nuts Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Prehypertension), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
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Examining Factors Influencing Adherence to and Efficacy of a Wholegrains and Nuts Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Prehypertension: a Series of N-of-1 Interventional Studies
Who cites it
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesTo determine predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), of heart rate, and of whole-grains and nuts consumption, on an individual level, using a series of N-of-1 studies.
methodsParticipants were enrolled in individual 24-wk N-of-1 studies, consisting of 8-wk observation, intervention, and follow-up periods. Participants completed personalized morning and evening questionnaires and took their own blood pressure daily. During the intervention period, participants received 3-4 portions of whole-grains and a portion of nuts daily. Fasted blood samples were collected every 4 weeks for analysis of lipids and plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations. Dynamic regression modeling was used to determine factors associated with changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and compliance with the intervention.
results12 participants completed their study, with 11 collecting enough data to permit analysis. Dynamic regression modeling identified variables significantly affecting individual blood pressure, heart rate, and consumption of whole-grains and nuts, including sleep quality, weekday, motivation to eat well, alcohol consumption, day of menstrual cycle, outside temperature, and physical activity. Consumption of whole-grains and nuts was associated with a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in SBP for one participant, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in DBP for two participants, and a significant (p < 0.01) lowering in heart rate for five participants.
conclusionsThe N-of-1 studies uniquely identified individual-level factors that were associated with changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and with compliance to consumption of whole-grains and nuts. N-of-1 studies are imperative to better understand heterogeneity of response and to develop more targeted, personalized and acceptable dietary advice.
trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04326686 . First registered 20 March 2020.
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