ReviewIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Lymphocytes and their Involvement in the Foreign Body Response to Biomaterials and Tissue Repair.
Review in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lymphocytes, long regarded as central actors of adaptive immunity, are increasingly recognized as key regulators of the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials. Their presence shapes the chronic phases of inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and regenerative outcomes after implantation. This review summarizes the roles of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in biomaterial-associated immune responses, with a particular focus on protein adsorption, antigen recognition, cytokine secretion, and downstream interactions with macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Evidence indicates that T-cell polarization into Th1/Th17 subsets promotes pro-inflammatory reactions, while Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) support constructive remodeling and resolution. B cells contribute through antibody production and cytokine release, which may foster fibrosis or support debris clearance. NK cells serve as early stress sensors, releasing cytotoxic mediators and pro-angiogenic factors that influence vascularization and tissue repair. Collectively, lymphocytes are pivotal but underexplored players in biomaterial integration. Incorporating lymphocyte biology into material design and surface modification strategies offers promising avenues to guide immune cascades toward predictable and regenerative outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.