ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Freezing Nitrogen-Ethanol Composite Effectively Eradicates
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most challenging complications after arthroplasty, largely due to biofilm formation on prosthetic surfaces, which protects bacteria from antibiotics and host defenses. This study investigated whether a freezing nitrogen-ethanol composite (FNEC), a semisolid cryogenic material combining liquid nitrogen and ethanol, can effectively eradicate MATERIALS AND
methodsBiofilms of
resultsFNEC achieved the most complete biofilm eradication across both plastic and metallic surfaces. LIVE/DEAD staining demonstrated widespread cell death with minimal residual viability. Broth cultures from FNEC-treated samples remained clear, with OD
conclusionFNEC exhibited potent bactericidal and biofilm-removal capability, outperforming ethanol and LN alone. Its combined chemical and cryogenic effects enabled rapid and complete eradication of
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