Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42048738›Full record

ArticleVaccine2026

An evaluation of a multifaceted training program to build National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) capacity for making evidence-based immunization policy.

Rena Fukunaga, Lisandro Torre, Abigail M Shefer, Kathleen F Cavallaro, Catherine Tencza, Benjamin M Kagina, Stephen C Hadler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rena FukunagaGlobal Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lisandro TorreTask Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
Abigail M SheferGlobal Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kathleen F CavallaroTask Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
Catherine TenczaTask Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
Benjamin M KaginaVaccines for Africa Initiative (VACFA) & NITAG Support Hub (NISH), School of Public Health & Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Stephen C HadlerTask Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address: shadler@taskforce.org.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSince January 2022, regional National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) workshops have been held for more than 50 countries to strengthen participants' understanding of NITAG functions, basic vaccinology, and the ability to make evidence-based decisions on vaccines. A midterm evaluation was conducted in select countries to assess impact and guide future workshop enhancements, ensuring content is tailored to country-specific needs and practical application of NITAG functions.

methodsAn online questionnaire was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, targeting NITAGs from 12 workshops held 6-24 months earlier in the African (AFR) and Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) Regions. Each country submitted one consolidated response covering five sections: general information, basic NITAG functions, the evidence-to-recommendation (EtR) process, vaccinology, and training agenda.

resultsOf 28 NITAGs trained between February 2022 and August 2023, 21 (75%; 13/15 AFR, 8/13 EMR) participated in the evaluation survey. Most NITAGs (76%) participated in multi-country workshops, with median 10 individuals (range 2-22) per country. Following the workshops, 67% of NITAGs developed or revised key documents (e.g., standard operating procedures) and 50% updated other policies (e.g., conflict of interest). Among 19 NITAGs that attended the full EtR training, 11 completed the vaccine-specific EtR process started during the workshop (6 also applied the EtR process to additional vaccines). Among 15 NITAGs that attended vaccinology sessions, all reported applying the knowledge in their work. Respondents requested more time for evidence analysis and synthesis during future trainings.

conclusionsPost training evaluation of NITAG capacity-building workshops showed positive and sustained impact for operations, vaccinology, and the application of the EtR process for a vaccine policy question. Our findings suggest future workshops may be enhanced by requiring pre-training eLearning modules and strengthening indicators to monitor training quality and outcomes. Such improvements may help to reinforce NITAG capacity for evidence-informed immunization policy-making.

Indexed as

Advisory CommitteesCapacity BuildingHealth PolicyImmunization ProgramsHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesVaccinationVaccinesVaccinologyVaccinesEvidence-to-recommendation trainingNational Immunization Technical Advisory GroupsTraining evaluation

Identifiers

PMID42048738
PMCPMC13403165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.