ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026
Corneal astigmatism magnitude, axis distribution, and ocular biometric characteristics in cataract surgery candidates: a tertiary center study from the Western Black Sea region of Turkey.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate ocular biometric parameters and corneal astigmatism characteristics in cataract surgery candidates from the Western Black Sea region of Turkey.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent preoperative ocular biometry between December 2023 and December 2025 at the only tertiary referral hospital in Karabük, Turkey. One eye per patient was analyzed. Measurements were obtained using the Nidek AL-Scan optical biometer and included axial length (AL), keratometry (K1, K2, Km), corneal astigmatism magnitude, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white-to-white distance (WTW). Astigmatism axis was classified as with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR), or oblique. Correlation analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with ATR astigmatism and clinically significant astigmatism (≥ 1.00 D).
resultsA total of 1087 eyes were included, with a mean age of 68.82 ± 8.48 years. Mean AL was 23.27 ± 0.92 mm and mean corneal astigmatism was 0.81 ± 0.56 D. WTR astigmatism was most common (45.2%), followed by ATR (37%) and oblique (17.9%), and nearly 1/3 of eyes had astigmatism > 1.00 D. A significant age-related shift from WTR to ATR was observed (p < 0.001). AL was positively correlated with ACD and WTW and negatively correlated with Kmean (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age was independently associated with ATR astigmatism, AL and mean keratometry were associated with ≥ 1.00 D astigmatism.
conclusionCorneal astigmatism is common in this population, highlighting the need for comprehensive preoperative biometric evaluation; given its dynamic nature, individualized assessment is essential for optimal surgical planning.
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