ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Human milk and total milk intakes of mixed fed infants: a cross-sectional study of infants aged 7-10 months.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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20 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThere is a paucity of data on the volume of human milk consumed by infants, particularly in later infancy (> 6 months). The objective was to estimate human milk intakes and total infant milk intakes (i.e. including infant formula), and describe associated correlates in New Zealand (NZ) infants aged 7–10 months. SUBJECTS/
methodsFirst Foods NZ (FFNZ) was a cross-sectional study that investigated infant feeding in NZ (July 2020-February 2022). Human milk intakes were obtained using the dose-to-mother stable isotope technique in a subset of breastfeeding mother-infant dyads. Infant formula intake was determined from 24-h recalls. Sociodemographic information was collected through questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements made. Total infant milk intake referred to human milk and infant formula.
resultsThe breastfeeding sub-study comprised 157 mother-infant dyads whose infant milk was fully or partially human milk, and 217 non-breastfeeding dyads. All infants consumed solid foods. The mean (SD) human milk intake was 785 (264) g/day, higher in those consuming only human milk and no infant formula (828 g/day), and decreasing with age. Total infant milk intakes were around 820 g/day, regardless of milk type. Factors associated with both human milk and total infant milk intakes were infant age, BMI z-score, and maternal education. Maternal BMI and demand feeding were also related to human milk intakes. There was no difference in milk intake by season.
conclusionsThis study provides valuable insight into human milk intakes during late infancy in NZ infants (7–10 months), improving our ability to accurately assess nutritional intakes and nutrient adequacy of infants.
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