Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42047489›Full record

ArticleeLife2026

Inference of germinal center evolutionary dynamics via simulation-based deep learning.

Duncan K Ralph, Athanasios G Bakis, Jared G Galloway, Ashni A Vora, Tatsuya Araki, Gabriel D Victora, Yun S Song, William S DeWitt, Frederick A Matsen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Duncan K RalphFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-8610
Athanasios G BakisDepartment of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5730-1483
Jared G GallowayFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.
Ashni A VoraLaboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.
Tatsuya ArakiLaboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.
Gabriel D VictoraLaboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.
Yun S SongDepartment of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-9868
William S DeWittFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.
Frederick A MatsenFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-6025

Funding

DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO INFLUENZA VIRUSESU01AI150747 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI AHMED, RAFI, ANTIA, RUSTOM NOSHIR · 2020 to 2024
$5.9M
Blending deep learning with probabilistic mechanistic models to predict and understand the evolution and function of adaptive immune receptorsR01AI146028 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI MATSEN, FREDERICK ALBERT · 2019 to 2024
$3.4M
Scalable Computational Methods for Genealogical Inference: from species level to single cellsR01HG013117 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Ian H Holmes, RASMUS NIELSEN · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Scalable Computational Methods for Genealogical Inference: from species level to single cellsR56HG013117 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI HOLMES, IAN H, NIELSEN, RASMUS · 2023 to 2023
$315k
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG013117NHGRI NIH HHS R56 HG013117NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146028NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI150747NIH Office of the Director R01-AI146028NIH Office of the Director R01-HG013117NIH Office of the Director R56-HG013117
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

B cells and the antibodies they produce are vital to health and survival, motivating research on the details of the mutational and evolutionary processes in the germinal centers (GCs) from which mature B cells arise. It is known that B cells with higher affinity for their cognate antigen (Ag) will, on average, tend to have more offspring. However, the exact form of this relationship between affinity and fecundity, which we call the 'affinity-fitness response function', is not known. Here we use deep learning and simulation-based inference to learn this function from a unique experiment that replays a particular combination of GC conditions many times in mice. All code is freely available at https://github.com/matsengrp/gcdyn, while datasets and inference results can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15022130.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionB-LymphocytesDeep LearningGerminal CenterAnimalsComputer SimulationMiceantibodiesB cellsevolutionevolutionary biologyfitnessgerminal centersmouse

Identifiers

PMID42047489
PMCPMC13124151

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.