ArticleVeterinary surgery : VS2026
Biomechanical evaluation of carpal joint ligaments in the cat: An experimental and radiographic cadaveric study.
Article in Veterinary surgery : VS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo define the stabilizing role of feline carpal ligaments through selective transection and radiographic assessment of joint angulation under standardized loading. STUDY
designExperimental ex vivo cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixty carpal joints from 30 adult cats without orthopedic disease.
methodsCarpi were mounted in a custom radiolucent clamping device and subjected to standardized 20 N varus, valgus, and extension loads. Measurement tolerances were 3.5° for varus, 6.4° for valgus, and 6° for extension. Individual ligaments or ligament complexes were sequentially transected, and stability changes were quantified radiographically using dorsopalmar and mediolateral projections.
resultsTransection of the medial collateral ligament produced only minor valgus increase below tolerance thresholds. Palmar radiocarpal ligament desmotomy caused valgus and hyperextension instability with consistent radiocarpal subluxation. Additional flexor retinaculum transection increased extension by up to 27.9° and resulted in antebrachiocarpal luxation. Lateral collateral ligament transection produced marked varus instability (+16.8°) with ulnocarpal subluxation, and the ulnopalmar and accessory ulnar ligaments acted as secondary stabilizers. Distal palmar carpometacarpal ligament transection caused hyperextension (+12.3°) with mediocarpal and carpometacarpal subluxation. Isolated flexor myotomy or tenotomy did not produce measurable instability unless fascial structures were disrupted.
conclusionFeline carpal stability depends on coordinated ligamentous and fascial interactions rather than a single dominant stabilizer. This reproducible multiplanar testing model provides a biomechanical basis to improve diagnosis and treatment of feline carpal injuries, which are often extrapolated from canine data. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data highlight that isolated ligament repair may not adequately restore carpal stability in cats. Clinicians should consider the integrated role of ligamentous and fascial structures when diagnosing and managing carpal injuries.
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