Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42046881›Full record

Trial reportPsychological medicine2026

The effects of rTMS over orbitofrontal cortex on cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia.

Qiang Hu, Xiong Jiao, YanLi Ding, YanYan Wei, XiaoChen Tang, LiHua Xu, HuiRu Cui, YingYing Tang, HaiChun Liu, Jin Gao and 6 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Qiang HuShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
Xiong JiaoShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
YanLi DingShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
YanYan WeiShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
XiaoChen TangShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
LiHua XuShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
HuiRu CuiShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
YingYing TangShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
HaiChun LiuDepartment of Automation, https://ror.org/0220qvk04Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Jin GaoDepartment of Clinical Psychology, https://ror.org/0207yh398Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
LingYun ZengDepartment of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, https://ror.org/02skpkw64Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China.
ZhengHui YiShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
ChunBo LiShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
JianHua ChenShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
JiJun WangShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
TianHong ZhangShanghai Mental Health Center, https://ror.org/05bd2wa15Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Neuromodulation Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.ORCID 0000-0002-5379-7119

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2023YFC2506800National Natural Science Foundation of China 82371505Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders 13dz2260500Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 202440203Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center SHDC12025118, SHDC22025303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) is a major contributor to functional decline, but antipsychotics provide limited cognitive improvement, and few repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies have targeted the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This study investigated whether right OFC rTMS enhances specific cognitive functions in FES and its relationship with symptom reduction.

methodsNinety drug-naive FES patients were enrolled, with 48 receiving active right OFC rTMS and 42 sham stimulation for 20 sessions over 8 weeks, while all patients took olanzapine (10-20 mg/day). Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at baseline and week 4, and psychotic symptoms were rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

resultsRepeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) demonstrated a significant Time×Group interaction for visuospatial memory (assessed via the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, BVMT; F = 5.079, df = 1, 83, p = 0.027, η2 = 0.058). Post hoc tests revealed significant BVMT improvement in the active group (p < 0.001) but not in the sham group (p = 0.312). In the active group, improvements in BVMT and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) scores were significantly correlated with lower PANSS total scores after Bonferroni correction.

conclusionsThese findings indicate that right OFC rTMS improves specific cognitive functions in FES, with cognitive benefits associated with symptom alleviation, supporting the right OFC as a promising target for cognitive intervention in FES.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionPrefrontal CortexSchizophreniaTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdolescentAdultAntipsychotic AgentsCognitive EnhancementFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsOlanzapineYoung AdultAntipsychotic AgentsOlanzapinebrain stimulationorbitofrontal cortexpsychosisschizophreniaTMS

Identifiers

PMID42046881
PMCPMC13125931

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.