ArticleJournal of translational internal medicine2026
Novel insights from a large cohort: Elucidating incidence, risk factors, treatment, and prognostic predictors in autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Article in Journal of translational internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare but serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Current understanding of post-allo-HSCT AIHA remains insufficient. This study aimed to elucidate the features and significant predictors of post-allo-HSCT AIHA to guide precise clinical management. Methods: A retrospective nested case-control study was conducted at Peking University People's Hospital from 2013 to 2024. A total of 61 patients with post-allo-HSCT AIHA were enrolled. For each case, three AIHA-free allo-HSCT recipients were randomly matched by sex, age (± 3 years), and transplant timing (± 3 months). Treatment modalities and responses of AIHA patients were analyzed. Cox regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for post-allo-HSCT AIHA, as well as predictors of AIHA relapse and patient mortality. Results: The incidence of post-allo-HSCT AIHA was 0.72%. During follow-up, 14 (22.95%) AIHA patients died (mostly because of severe infection-related complications) and 6 (9.84%) experienced AIHA relapse. Multivariate analysis showed that an unrelated donor was an independent risk factor for post-allo-HSCT AIHA (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.323, Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into post-allo-HSCT AIHA. These findings highlight key prognostic markers, guiding risk stratification and the management of AIHA after allo-HSCT.
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