Alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis during early pregnancy.

Kan Chen, Zhenyu Lin, Yiyang Gao, Zhaoying Chen, Chenxi Zhang, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng, Jing Li

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Article in Journal of translational internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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8 authors.

Kan ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Zhenyu LinDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Yiyang GaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Zhaoying ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Chenxi ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Zhongyan ShanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Weiping TengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Jing LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-4095

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) during early pregnancy has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the differences in gut microbiota (GM) composition and fecal metabolites between patients with euthyroid AIT and healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and to explore potential associations between them. Methods: A total of 26 pregnant women with euthyroid AIT and 30 healthy pregnant women in their first trimester were enrolled. Gut microbiota profiles were analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, while fecal metabolomic profiling was performed Results: Significant diferences in GM composition were observed between euthyroid AIT patients and healthy controls. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct fecal metabolic signatures in euthyroid AIT patients. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that diferential metabolites were mainly involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, serotonergic synapses, and bile secretion pathways. Furthermore, a relationship between specific gut microbes and altered fecal metabolites was identified in the euthyroid AIT group. Conclusions: Pregnant women with euthyroid AIT in the first trimester exhibit distinct alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles, which may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Elucidating the correlations between GM and fecal metabolites may provide new insights into potential strategies for preventing and managing complications associated with euthyroid AIT in early pregnancy.

Indexed as

16S rDNA sequencingadverse pregnancy outcomesautoimmune thyroiditisfecal metabolitesgut microbiota

Identifiers

PMID42046803

DOI10.1515/jtim-2026-0009

PMCPMC13110464

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.