ArticleVeterinary world2026
Molecular characterization of genotype II African swine fever virus circulating in three provinces of Indonesia, 2021-2023.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs. Since its emergence in Indonesia in 2019, ASF virus (ASFV) has spread across multiple islands and become endemic in numerous provinces. Previous molecular investigations have consistently identified genotype II as the predominant circulating genotype; however, these studies offered limited information on intra-genotypic diversity, geographic distribution, and temporal genetic stability across distant regions. The present study aimed to determine the genotype and evaluate genetic variations of representative ASFV strains responsible for outbreaks in East Kalimantan, North Sumatra, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces during 2021-2023. Molecular characterization was performed using the partial Materials and Methods: A total of 33 clinical specimens (organs and swabs) collected from affected backyard pigs and farm environments in Berau City (East Kalimantan), Pematang Siantar (North Sumatra) and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara) were screened for ASFV by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Results: ASFV DNA was detected in all 33 specimens. Phylogenetic analyses of partial Conclusion: The ASFV strains responsible for outbreaks in three geographically distant Indonesian provinces from 2021 to 2023 belonged exclusively to genotype II and exhibited low genetic diversity. The novel PVTDN insertion identified in the
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