ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2026
Histopathological Features and p16/p62 Expression as Indicators of High-Risk HPV Co-Infection in Anogenital Condyloma Acuminata.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Condyloma acuminata (CA) is primarily caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV); however, high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) co-infection is increasingly reported and cannot be reliably distinguished based on clinical appearance alone. Histopathological assessment and selected immunohistochemical markers may help identify lesions with greater biological risk. Objective: To evaluate the association between histopathological features, p16 and p62 expression, and HR-HPV co-infection in anogenital CA. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 81 histopathologically confirmed CA cases. Semi-quantitative scoring was applied to lesion morphology, keratinization patterns, koilocytosis, atypical mitoses, and lymphocytic infiltration. p16 and p62 expression were assessed immunohistochemically. HPV genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Variables significant in bivariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression. Results: HR-HPV co-infection was detected in 59.3% of cases, with HPV-16 as the most frequent genotype. Hyperkeratosis (aOR = 4.29; p = 0.039) and atypical mitotic activity (aOR = 14.29; p < 0.001) were independently associated with HR-HPV co-infection. Parakeratosis and koilocytosis showed inverse associations. p16 and p62 were not independent predictors, although p16 block positivity correlated with high p62 expression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Certain histopathological features, particularly atypical mitoses and hyperkeratosis, are associated with HR-HPV co-infection in anogenital CA. Routine histopathological evaluation may therefore provide practical clues to identify lesions that warrant closer clinical attention, while p16 and p62 offer complementary biological information.
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