ArticleCureus2026
The Histopathological Spectrum of Liver Diseases in Medico-Legal Autopsies: Findings From a Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and objective Liver diseases often remain clinically silent until they reach advanced stages, and medico-legal autopsies can uncover previously undiagnosed pathologies. This study aimed to characterize the histopathological spectrum of liver diseases in medico-legal autopsies from a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh, between September 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022. All adult (≥ 18 years) liver specimens obtained from medico-legal autopsies during the study period were consecutively included (n = 200). Demographic information and documented causes of death were collected using a structured form. Representative liver tissues were processed for routine histopathology and evaluated by light microscopy; lesions were categorized into steatosis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, congestion, abscess, and malignant lesions. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics v22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY); Fisher's exact test was applied, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.5 ± 11.05 years; the majority were male (96%), and most came from rural areas (61.5%). "Prisoners in cell" was recorded as the leading cause of death (32%). The liver weight distribution did not differ significantly by sex (p = 0.447). Histopathology revealed no significant abnormalities in 25% of patients. The most common lesions were steatohepatitis (20%) and cirrhosis (20%), followed by hepatic malignancies (17%), which included primary tumors (6%) and secondary tumors (11%). Other findings included steatosis (10%), chronic hepatitis (5%), congestion (2%), and hepatic abscess (1%). The sex distribution of major histopathological findings was also not statistically significant (p = 0.135). Conclusions Medico-legal autopsies revealed a substantial burden of previously undetected liver disease, dominated by steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and malignancy. Routine histopathological evaluation via medico-legal autopsies may help identify concealed patterns of liver disease in Bangladesh.
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