Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42046576›Full record

Trial reportFrontiers in psychology2026

Spending time in a forest vs. a virtual forest simulation: qualitative and quantitative effects on stress perception and psychological wellbeing in a randomized cross-over trial of highly sensitive persons.

Joel Kühn, Ann-Kathrin Lederer, Carola Sättele, Roman Huber, Katja Oomen-Welke

Abstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joel KühnCenter for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Ann-Kathrin LedererCenter for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Carola SätteleCenter for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Roman HuberCenter for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Katja Oomen-WelkeCenter for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Forest bathing ("Shinrin-yoku"), traditionally practiced in Japan, has shown positive effects on stress perception and psychological wellbeing in highly sensitive persons (HSP), but it is unclear whether a simulation can produce the same effects. Forty-nine HSP underwent in randomized order a 40-min exposure to both an authentic forest environment and a 360° video-based virtual forest simulation using a head-mounted display, complemented by natural forest sounds and essential spruce oil diffusion. Quantitatively, wellbeing and stress reduction measured with the Change in Subjective Self-Perception as pre-specified primary outcome (CSP-14; Cohen's d: 0.931; Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00025421, identifier: DRKS00025421.

Indexed as

360° videocross-over trialforest bathinghighly sensitive personspsychological wellbeingqualitative interviewsstress perceptionvirtual reality forest

Identifiers

PMID42046576
PMCPMC13110857

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.