Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42046457›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2026

Emergence and Rapid Spread of a New Reassortant High Pathogenicity H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Virus in Nigeria.

Clement Meseko, Bianca Zecchin, Emilie Wolali Go-Maro, Marta Dianati, Nicodemus Mkpuma, Bitrus Inuwa, Judith Bakam, Kayode Olawuyi, Dorcas Gado, Edoardo Giussani and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Clement MesekoNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-7528
Bianca ZecchinIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Emilie Wolali Go-MaroLaboratoire Central Vétérinaire (LCV), Lomé, Togo.
Marta DianatiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Nicodemus MkpumaNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-1613
Bitrus InuwaNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-5956
Judith BakamNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Kayode OlawuyiNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-1285
Dorcas GadoNational Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Edoardo GiussaniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Alice FusaroIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Alessio BortolamiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Elisa PalumboIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Calogero TerreginoIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
Isabella MonneIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.

Funding

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past two decades, West Africa has experienced recurrent incursions of Goose/Guangdong-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1), with Nigeria as a hotspot for repeated introductions and sustained circulation. Since 2021, European-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx genotypes, particularly EA-2020-C, have predominated in regional poultry. Here, we report the emergence and rapid spread in Nigeria, and West Africa, of a new clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 genotype, designated EA-2024-DV, marking a major shift in the circulating virus population. These findings underscore the region's ongoing vulnerability to novel introductions and highlight the need for sustained surveillance across migratory bird routes and poultry production networks.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesReassortant VirusesAnimalsGenotypeNigeriaPhylogenyPoultryAfricagenotypeH5N1highly pathogenic avian influenzaNigeriapoultry

Identifiers

PMID42046457
PMCPMC13121905

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.