Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42046406›Full record

ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026

Development of a Novel Prognostic Inflammation Index to Predict Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Longitudinal Study.

Guangyong Chen, Feng Chen, Xin Lu, Zhangjing Zhu, Fangyan Chen, Qian Liu, Ziming Ren, Changhao Zhang, Yuxin Zhu, Yueping Chen and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Guangyong ChenDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1818-6280
Feng ChenDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xin LuDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhangjing ZhuDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Fangyan ChenDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Qian LiuDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Ziming RenDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Changhao ZhangDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yuxin ZhuDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yueping ChenClinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Suwen HuangDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Dehao YangDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yiyun WengDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-4276

Funding

National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students 202410343059Wenzhou Municipal Sci-Tech Bureau Program Y20210585Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program (New Young Talent Program) for College Students 2025R413A039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and severe disability. Inflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of ICH. However, existing inflammatory markers have limited predictive capacity for the prognosis of ICH patients. This study aims to develop a novel Prognostic inflammation index (PII) based on leukocyte subset counts and evaluate its effectiveness in assessing the prognosis of ICH patients.

methodsA total of 1021 consecutive ICH patients hospitalized between January 2021 and June 2023 were included as the derivation cohort. In addition, an internal temporal validation cohort of 366 patients hospitalized between January 2024 and December 2024 was assembled using identical inclusion/exclusion criteria. Using reduced-rank regression (RRR) based on leukocyte subsets (including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils), we constructed the PII. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the associations between PII, its dynamic trajectories, and patient outcomes, including poor prognosis, all-cause mortality, and stroke-associated infections. The predictive performance of PII was illustrated using a nomogram, and its efficacy was compared to conventional inflammatory markers through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

resultsPatients with elevated PII were significantly associated with poor outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months, stroke-associated infections, and all-cause mortality within 1 year (all p < 0.05). PII trajectory analysis revealed that patients with persistently high PII had a substantially increased risk of poor outcomes (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared to common systemic inflammatory markers such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate inflammation systemic index (AISI), PII showed generally favorable discriminative performance across most endpoints; however, the pairwise AUC comparisons were exploratory and some comparisons yielded borderline p values that should be interpreted cautiously.

conclusionPII, a composite inflammation index based on leukocyte subset counts, is an effective predictor of poor outcomes in ICH patients and shows favorable prognostic performance compared with traditional inflammatory markers.

Indexed as

Cerebral HemorrhageInflammationAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansLeukocyte CountLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisBiomarkersinflammationintracerebral hemorrhageleukocyte subsetsprognosisprognostic inflammation index

Identifiers

PMID42046406
PMCPMC13121913

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.