Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42046345›Full record

ReviewCancer biology & medicine2026

Tumor microenvironment-driven natural killer cell diversity: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Yue Duan, Mingzhen Zhou, Xingxian Guo, Tianyu Cao, Yuanyuan Lu, Xiaodi Zhao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer biology & medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yue Duan *Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Mingzhen Zhou *State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xingxian GuoState Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Tianyu CaoState Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Yuanyuan LuState Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xiaodi ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1817-803X

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82573226
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are key effector cells involved in tumor immune surveillance, yet their function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits considerable complexity and plasticity that cannot be adequately explained by the classical CD56/CD16 dichotomy. This functional diversity arises from the phenotypic adaptability and dynamic differentiation of distinct NK cell subsets shaped by the TME. In this review, we systematically examine the defining characteristics and functional roles of recently identified NK cell subsets in the TME; elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing their regulation; and highlight the functional transitions and cooperative interactions among these subsets. Moreover, building on current evidence, we summarize emerging immunotherapeutic approaches targeting specific NK cell subsets. Together, these perspectives offer new insights and strategic directions for deciphering the multifaceted roles of NK cells in antitumor immunity and advancing the development of subset-targeted therapies.

Indexed as

Killer Cells, NaturalNeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansImmunotherapynatural killer cell subsetsregulatory mechanismtreatment strategiesTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42046345
PMCPMC13498884

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.