ArticleJournal of paediatrics and child health2026
Exploring a Single Music Therapy Session to Reduce 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Child and Adolescent's Outpatient Clinic-Related Anxiety.
Article in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimThis study explored whether a single music therapy session could reduce 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) children and adolescents' clinic-related anxiety when visiting the hospital outpatient clinic for health appointments.
methodsThe research employed a within-subjects, single-session, intervention design. The effect of the 30-min music therapy session on children and adolescents' (henceforth children) anxiety was assessed at baseline and the end of the session. A triangulated approach examined children's anxiety through parent and child self-report questionnaires, electrocardiograph (heart rate) and observational behavioural measures.
resultsChildren's self-reported anxiety was low and did not significantly change pre-post session, while parent/caregiver perceptions of their child's anxiety significantly decreased. Significant reduction in the frequency of anxious eye-gaze behavior and face and bodily expressions, and an increase in non-anxious behaviours and expressions were observed pre-post the session. Heart rate did not significantly decrease pre-post the music therapy session. Up to a week after the session, parents/caregivers reported a pronounced change in their child's overall anxiety after the session and a substantial improvement in their usual overall clinic experience that day.
conclusionThe findings from parent/caregiver reports and behavioural observations suggest that the music therapy session regulated the children's clinic-related anxiety, with parents/caregivers perceiving benefits extending post-session. However, these findings did not neatly align with children's self-reported anxiety and heart rate data, possibly reflecting characteristics of the population and measurement challenges. Active engagement in musical experiences with a skilled facilitator, such as a music therapist, might offer a safe and potentially inexpensive non-pharmacological approach to reducing hospital clinic-related anxiety in 22q11.2 (DS) children and adolescents, and enhance the clinic experience.
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