ArticleBMC medical education2026
Spiritual intelligence as a predictor of academic performance in medical students: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpiritual intelligence (SI) is considered a crucial dimension of human intelligence, contributing to individuals’ ability to solve problems and adapt effectively. Academic performance (AP) is a key indicator of student success in higher education. In educational settings, particularly in medical education, such traits may influence students’ AP. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SI and AP and to examine the influence of demographic, educational, and familial factors on these variables among students in medical sciences.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Participants completed the validated Persian version of King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale and the Taylor Academic Performance Questionnaire via social media groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 by correlation, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used.
resultsThe mean SI score was 53.84 ± 16.68 (range: 0–96), and the mean AP score was 151.61 ± 18.45 (range: 0–231). SI was associated with educational level (p = 0.04), academic term (p < 0.05), and parental education (paternal p < 0.001; maternal p = 0.04). No significant relationships were found with age, gender, marital status, place of residence, economic status, or religion. AP was associated with GPA (p < 0.001), field of study (p = 0.006), academic term (p = 0.03), and father’s education (p = 0.005). No significant relationships were observed with age, gender, marital status, residence, income, or religion. A significant positive relationship was observed between SI and AP (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). Linear regression confirmed this relationship (Adjusted R² = 0.078, p < 0.001). Specifically, a one-unit increase in SI was associated with a 0.28-point increase in AP (β = 0.28, p < 0.001).
conclusionThe findings indicate a significant positive relationship between SI and AP among medical sciences students. Although the cross-sectional design limits causal inference, the results suggest that enhancing SI may be beneficial for supporting students’ academic engagement and educational development. Educational programs that focus on developing students’ spiritual intelligence may enhance both academic outcomes and personal development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.