Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42045743›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Wellbeing Among Caregivers of Veterans Who Applied for Comprehensive Caregiver Support Through the VA.

Megan E Shepherd-Banigan, Pujan R Patel, Nadya T Majette, Adrian D Brown, Darrius McMillian, Kaileigh G Byrd, Josephine C Jacobs, Melissa Harris-Gersten, Peter A Fredricks, Anushka V Pai and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Megan E Shepherd-BaniganCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA. mes86@duke.edu.
Pujan R PatelCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.
Nadya T MajetteCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-0172
Adrian D BrownCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.
Darrius McMillianCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.
Kaileigh G ByrdCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.
Josephine C JacobsHealth Economics Resource Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Veterans Health Administration, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Melissa Harris-GerstenCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.
Peter A FredricksCaregiver Support Program Office, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Washington D.C., USA.
Anushka V PaiCaregiver Support Program Office, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Washington D.C., USA.
Timothy JobinCaregiver Support Program Office, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Washington D.C., USA.
Courtney H Van HoutvenDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Katherine E MillerCenter of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

HSRD VA I50 HX001676
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn 2011, the Department of Veterans Affairs established the most comprehensive caregiver support services in the United States (US): the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC). Eligible caregivers receive a stipend, mental health care, self-care classes, peer mentoring, caregiver skills training, health care coverage, and travel benefits among other supports. In 2020, VA substantially expanded program access and services, yet no studies have examined PCAFC applicant characteristics since expansion.

objectiveTo characterize the well-being, quality of life, and health status of PCAFC application since 2020.

designA cross-sectional, descriptive study using VA administrative data and surveys from caregivers of veterans at the time of application to PCAFC.

participantsVeterans and their caregivers who recently applied to PCAFC between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023. MAIN MEASURES: Caregiver well-being was assessed via the 12-item Zarit Burden Scale, the CESD-10 Scale, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment subscale of perceived financial strain, and care-related quality of life. Veteran health status was assessed using activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living and the Jen Frailty Index Score (risk of institutionalization). KEY

resultsThe sample includes 1522 caregiver/veteran dyads. Nineteen percent of caregivers screened positive for depression, 27% reported clinically significant subjective burden, and nearly 50% of caregivers reported some level of financial difficulty. However, caregiver quality of life was 75.9 out of 100. Nearly 90% of the veterans were rated as having severe or total ADL/IADL problems and, on average, veterans had a moderate risk of long-term institutionalization.

conclusionsPrior to enrollment in the program, caregivers provided intensive caregiving and a substantial proportion reported clinically significant levels of depression and burden and high financial strain. However, quality of life was rated highly. While improvements in the health and well-being of this cohort are needed, caregivers demonstrate substantial resilience despite intensive caregiving experiences.

Indexed as

caregiver supportveteranwellbeing

Identifiers

PMID42045743
PMCPMC13571035

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.