SynthesisCardiovascular and interventional radiology2026
Effectiveness and Safety of Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy for Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07720570 (Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for Slow-flow Vascular Malformations
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo review the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for slow-flow vascular malformations. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, with a protocol registered in PROSPERO. Five databases were searched, supplemented by citation tracking, to identify peer-reviewed studies reporting clinical outcomes of BEST for slow-flow vascular malformations. Single-patient case reports were excluded. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias.
resultsTen studies were included, with a total of 401 patients and 416 lesions. Seven studies were retrospective, three were prospective, and one was comparative. Any symptom improvement was reported in 62-100% of patients; however, outcome definitions and assessment methods varied substantially across studies, limiting direct comparability. Any size reduction was reported in 83-100% of lesions, based on clinical and imaging-based assessments, including volumetry. Serious adverse events were uncommon, and no systemic toxicity was reported. All non-randomised studies had serious risk of bias.
conclusionBEST appears promising for selected slow-flow vascular malformations. However, evidence is limited by methodological heterogeneity and high risk of bias, and treatment decisions should remain individualised and based on multidisciplinary evaluation.
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