Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42045492›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2026

Early bilingualism as a protective factor against acute post-stroke aphasia.

Marcello Naccarato, Federica Palacino, Edoardo Ricci, Ilario Scali, Magda Quagliotto, Michele Malesani, Gianpiero Farina, Emanuele Vincis, Paola Potente, Martina Maset and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Marcello NaccaratoNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy. marcello.naccarato@asugi.sanita.fvg.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0126
Federica PalacinoNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Edoardo RicciNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Ilario ScaliNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Magda QuagliottoNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Michele MalesaniNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Gianpiero FarinaNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Emanuele VincisNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Paola PotenteNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Martina MasetNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Paola CarusoNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Giovanni FurlanisNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Paolo ManganottiNeurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsAphasia is among the most debilitating post-stroke deficits. Previous studies have suggested that bilingualism, the ability to use more than one language, may confer advantages in language recovery compared with monolingualism in patients with chronic stroke. Our aim was to determine whether early pre-scholar simultaneous bilingualism acts as a protective factor by examining language recovery within the first seven days after acute ischaemic stroke.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical and neuroimaging data from Italian monolingual and early bilingual (Slovenian- and Croatian-Italian) patients with anterior-circulation ischaemic stroke and aphasia who were consecutively admitted between January 2018 and April 2020. The two cohorts were compared, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with language improvement at 7 days, defined as a ≥ 1-point reduction or complete recovery.

resultsThe two groups did not differ in demographic or clinical characteristics, type of acute treatment, or extent of the ischaemic lesion. Early bilingual patients exhibited significantly greater improvement in NIHSS language scores at day seven. In multivariate analysis, early bilingualism (p = 0.005) emerged as independent predictor of early language recovery, with consistent effect sizes across sensitivity analyses.

conclusionsEarly bilingualism (eBL) is an independent and robust predictor of aphasia recovery within the first seven days after stroke.

Indexed as

AphasiaIschemic StrokeMultilingualismStrokeAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProtective FactorsRecovery of FunctionRetrospective StudiesAphasiaAphasia recoveryBilingualismPost-stroke recovery

Identifiers

PMID42045492
PMCPMC13121373

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