ArticleScientific reports2026
Anopheles maculatus s.l as potential malaria vectors with opportunistic feeding in Meghalaya, Northeast India.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A recent study conducted in West Khasi Hills (WKH) and West Jaintia Hills (WJH) districts of Meghalaya has documented a low occurrence of the primary malaria vectors, Anopheles baimaii and An. minimus, alongside a relatively higher abundance of other anophelines, particularly members of the Maculatus Group. Plasmodium infection in the An. maculatus sensu lato (s.l.) was last reported in 1941, with no subsequent implication of An. maculatus s.l. in malaria transmission from Meghalaya or Northeast (NE) India for over eight decades. Given this apparent gap between species abundance and its recognised vector status, the present study was undertaken to examine the species composition and vector potential of predominant species using molecular tools in the Khasi Hills and Garo Hills regions of Meghalaya. In this study, we employed molecular techniques for precise species identification and detection of parasites. Our findings confirm natural infections of Plasmodium falciparum in An. maculatus sensu stricto (s.s.) and An. pseudowillmori-two member species of the Maculatus Group in Meghalaya. Resting adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected between 2019 and 2023 (excluding 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) in the Khasi Hills and Garo Hills regions using a mouth aspirator and torchlight, both indoors and outdoors. Out of 215 specimens analysed, 177 (82.32%) were identified as An. maculatus s.s., 33 (15.34%) as An. pseudowillmori, and 5 (2.32%) as An. willmori. Notably, Plasmodium infection was detected in 49 (27.68%) of 177 An. maculatus s.s. specimens and 16 (48.48%) of 33 An. pseudowillmori specimens, reinforcing their potential vectorial role in malaria transmission. F
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