ArticleScientific reports2026
Nature-inspired composite consisting of activated carbon derived from date palm kernel and poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) copolymer as electrode for energy storage devices.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Addressing global environmental challenges and transitioning towards sustainable energy requires the development of advanced and low-cost energy storage materials. This study presents a novel approach for fabricating an electrode composite made from activated carbon based on date palm kernel (ACP) and a polyaniline-co-pyrrole (PANI-co-Ppy) copolymer using date palm kernel biomass waste. The porous carbon was obtained by carbonization and thermal activation and served as a substrate for the copolymer, synthesized through oxidative polymerization. ACP@PANI-co-Ppy composites were prepared at two aniline:pyrrole molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 and subsequently characterized through various structural and morphological analyses. Electrochemical performance was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. ACP@PANI-co-Ppy (1:3) composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 65.03 F g⁻1 at 50 mV s⁻1, along with an energy density of 6.7 Wh kg⁻1, power density of 312.2 W kg⁻1, and outstanding cycling stability with 99.5% retention after 2000 cycles. Additional tests in a two-electrode system using a Na₂SO₄:H₂SO₄ (1 M, 1:1 volume ratio (v/v)) electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 0.84 F g⁻1, energy density of 0.11 Wh kg⁻1, and power density of 100 W kg⁻1. Although performance was lower compared to the three-electrode setup, the results still confirmed its potential for supercapacitor applications. This study demonstrates an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for transforming agricultural waste into high-performance materials, offering a promising path toward sustainable supercapacitor development. The ACP matrix acts as a mechanical buffer, effectively accommodating the volumetric strain of the copolymer during doping/de-doping processes, which is the key technical novelty of this work.
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