Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42045259›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Performance evaluation of eco-friendly water hyacinth fiber-reinforced epoxy composites for lightweight protective helmet shell applications.

Yusuf Subagyo, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Sahal Ahmad Albab, Deny Fajar Fitriyana, Harianingsih, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Nivin Joy, Karthikayan Sundararajan, Syed Kashif Ali, Aravindhan Alagarsamy and 3 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yusuf SubagyoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
Sivasubramanian PalanisamyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati, 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India. sivaresearch948@gmail.com.
Sahal Ahmad AlbabDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
Deny Fajar FitriyanaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, 50229, Semarang, Indonesia. deniifa89@mail.unnes.ac.id.
HarianingsihDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, 50229, Semarang, Indonesia.
Januar Parlaungan SiregarFaculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pahang, Malaysia.
Nivin JoyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Karthikayan SundararajanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati, 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Syed Kashif AliDepartment of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Aravindhan AlagarsamyCenter of Excellence Flexible Electronics, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, 522501, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Saleh A AlfarrajDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Sulaiman Ali AlharbiDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mezigebu BelayDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence University, Bishoftu, 1041, Ethiopia. mezgebubelay@etdu.edu.et.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The utilization of water hyacinth (WH) (Eichhornia crassipes) fibers as a reinforcing material in epoxy-based matrices has been extensively documented. However, research concerning the implementation of these composites specifically for protective helmet shell development remains relatively scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the performance of eco-friendly water hyacinth fiber-reinforced epoxy composites as a sustainable alternative material for fabricating lightweight protective helmets. The composites were fabricated using epoxy resin via vacuum bagging and subsequently subjected to tensile and impact testing. Furthermore, the best composition was utilized to develop the helmet shell, which underwent performance testing in compliance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 1811:2007. The tensile test results indicated that the composites achieved a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 29 MPa, while the impact test recorded the highest impact strength of 27.6 kJ/m² for the specimen containing 10% water hyacinth powder and 30% water hyacinth fiber (A3). The helmet shell testing results revealed that among all testing parameters, only one criterion did not meet the standard requirements, namely the shock absorption performance at the rear area of the helmet shell. Despite one test condition not fully satisfying the standard criteria for helmet shell materials, the overall findings of this study demonstrate that water hyacinth (WH) natural fiber composites exhibit promising potential as a sustainable alternative material for helmet shell applications.

Indexed as

CompositeHelmetNatural fiberWater hyacinth

Identifiers

PMID42045259
PMCPMC13287455

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