Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42045203›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

3D-printed NiTi alloys for elastocaloric cooling.

Shiyu Zhong, Hongyang Lin, Yang Li, Ying Li, Guoan Zhou, Peiyuan Zhang, Lei Zhang, Shuo Wang, Shuhuai Yao, Qingping Sun and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shiyu Zhong *Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-189X
Hongyang Lin *Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-1673
Yang LiDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
Ying LiResearch Department on Advanced Structural Materials and Additive Manufacturing, City University of Hong Kong Matter Science Research Institute (Futian), Shenzhen, China.
Guoan ZhouDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-5583
Peiyuan ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
Lei ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Shuo WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-7269
Shuhuai YaoDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. meshyao@ust.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-4092
Qingping SunDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. meqpsun@ust.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-766X
Jian LuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. jianlu@cityu.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-0316

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) 2024YFA1208004Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC) JLFS/E-102/24Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC) STG2-E-605-23-N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

NiTi-based elastocaloric cooling presents an environmentally friendly solid-state alternative to vapor-compression refrigeration. However, conventional NiTi refrigerant fabrication relies on thermomechanically intensive processes that limit geometric versatility while increasing production time, costs, and material waste. Although 3D printing offers a potential solution, existing 3D-printed NiTi alloys face a critical trade-off between cyclic durability and specific temperature change (the adiabatic temperature change per unit driving stress). Here, we address these challenges by developing a high-performance 3D-printed NiTi alloy with defect-minimized, bimodal microstructures. This design facilitates stress-induced martensitic phase transformation while suppressing dislocation slip and crack propagation. Consequently, the alloys can withstand a record-high 3 million cycles without failure, while simultaneously achieving an 11-fold enhancement in specific temperature change over state-of-the-art 3D-printed counterparts (increasing from 2.97 to 33.6 °C·GPa

Identifiers

PMID42045203
PMCPMC13156291

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.