Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42044970›Full record

ArticleVox sanguinis2026

Life, death and rapid diagnostic tests in the world's blood deserts.

Avery A Thompson, Samir C Seshadri, Cindy Makanga, Riya Sawhney, Edward Mutebi, Nick Mogaka, Tecla Chelagat, Linda S Barnes, Nakul Raykar

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Vox sanguinis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Avery A ThompsonDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-0611
Samir C SeshadriDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2245-4745
Cindy MakangaStrathmore University, Institute of Healthcare Management, Nairobi, Kenya.
Riya SawhneyDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Edward MutebiLodwar County Referral Hospital, Blood Transfusion Services, Lodwar, Kenya.
Nick MogakaLodwar County Referral Hospital, Lodwar, Kenya.
Tecla ChelagatStrathmore University, Institute of Healthcare Management, Nairobi, Kenya.
Linda S BarnesLinda S Barnes Consulting, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-0328
Nakul RaykarDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesMillions of people globally reside in 'blood deserts', where systemic barriers prevent timely access to safe blood components. Lodwar County Referral Hospital (LCRH) in Turkana County, Kenya, is a district hospital lacking on-site testing capacity for transfusion-transmissible infection (TTI) screening, resulting in critical transfusion delays. We present three cases in which validated rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) could have facilitated point-of-care donor screening and transfusion in life-threatening situations. PATIENTS AND

methodsWe present three cases of critically ill patients-two teenagers and an elderly woman-who presented to LCRH over the course of a single week.

resultsEach patient required emergent transfusions but experienced fatal delays along various points in the transfusion continuum due to the inability to rapidly screen available donor or banked blood for TTIs.

conclusionThese cases illustrate how delays in TTI screening can directly contribute to preventable mortality, even when blood is otherwise available. They highlight the urgent need for standardized, contextually appropriate emergency transfusion protocols that formally incorporate RDT use. Our experience suggests that such protocols may reduce transfusion delays, improve access to lifesaving blood and serve as a scalable model for improving blood access in rural and remote 'blood deserts' around the world.

Indexed as

Blood TransfusionAdolescentAgedFemaleHumansKenyaRapid Diagnostic Testsblood transfusionglobal healthKenyarapid diagnostic testssub‐Saharan Africatransfusion‐transmissible infections

Identifiers

PMID42044970
PMCPMC13356990

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.