ArticleViruses2026
Diagnostic and Phylogenetic Insights into a Human Rabies Virus Isolate from Romania.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease once clinical symptoms develop. In Europe, sustained animal rabies control programs have led to a marked decline in animal rabies and subsequently human rabies cases; however, sporadic infections continue to occur. In July 2025, a fatal case of autochthonous (locally acquired) human rabies was confirmed in Romania following a stray dog bite in a patient who did not receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Here, we report the first molecular characterization of a human rabies virus (RABV) strain isolated in Romania and place it in the context of contemporaneously circulating animal-derived RABV strains. Rabies virus infection was confirmed intra vitam by fluorescent antibody testing and both conventional and real-time RT-PCR on cerebrospinal fluid and saliva, with postmortem confirmation on skin and brain tissue. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the human isolate and on 22 animal-derived RABV strains collected in northern Romania in 2025. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all recent Romanian sequences clustered within the North-East European (NEE) rabies virus phylogenetic group and segregated into two geographically distinct genetic clusters: a north-western cluster, closely related to strains from Slovakia and Poland, and a larger north-eastern cluster, linked to viruses circulating in eastern Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The human-derived RABV genome was grouped within the north-eastern cluster and showed the highest genetic similarity to animal viral strains from the same geographical area, supporting a local transmission event. This demonstrates the importance of integrating human viral genomic data into the national rabies surveillance framework.
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