ArticleViruses2026
Codon Usage Bias Variation and Evolutionary Signatures of Epstein-Barr Virus in Distinct Epithelial Cancers.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
EBV genomic variation has been shown to contribute to the development of certain EBV-associated cancers. While EBV genomic variation has been extensively studied at the nucleotide level, it remains unclear how synonymous codon usage contributes to viral adaptation across epithelial cancer contexts. Here, we analyzed 1148 EBV genomes with annotated tumor origins to investigate genome-wide genetic differentiation and codon usage patterns of 13 core genes across NPC- and GC-associated viruses and EBV types. SNP-based analyses revealed partial genetic separation between NPC-EBV and GC-EBV, characterized by both rare GC-associated risk variants and common protective haplotypes. Codon usage patterns, however, showed strong gene-specific structure:
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