Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42043107›Full record

ArticleToxics2026

Evaluation of Immunotoxicity Induced by Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion.

Weichunbai Zhang, Minhan Lou, Ling Yong, Xiao Xiao, Chunlai Liang, Wei Wang, Hui Yang, Xudong Jia, Yin Wang, Yan Song

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Weichunbai ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Minhan LouNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Ling YongNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0171-609X
Xiao XiaoNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8858-9811
Chunlai LiangNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Wei WangNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Hui YangNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6025-338X
Xudong JiaNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Yin WangSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310012, China.
Yan SongNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.

Funding

Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology - Food Science and Technology Foundation 2016zfjj01High-level Talent Team Construction Project of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Nothing.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malathion (MLT) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used worldwide. Due to its environmental persistence and accumulation in living organisms, concerns have been raised regarding its potential health effects beyond the classical mechanism of cholinergic inhibition, particularly its impact on immune function. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the immunotoxicity of MLT in mice and identify the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for immunotoxic effects. Key parameters assessed included body and organ weights, hematological and clinical chemistry profiles, histopathological changes, and immune function indicators. The results showed that exposure to MLT, particularly at low and intermediate doses, led to a significant increase in thymus weight, along with marked reductions in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, neutrophils, polychromatic erythroblasts, and monocyte lineage cells. Histological examination revealed atrophy of splenic white pulp, indicating immunopathological alterations predominantly at these dose levels. In contrast, immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, possibly reflecting a compensatory humoral response to the observed suppression of cellular immune components. Meanwhile, the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response exhibited a dose-dependent trend but was significantly inhibited only at the highest dose, suggesting a complex, non-linear effect on humoral immunity. Based on significant alterations in thymus weight, cellular immune parameters, and splenic histopathology observed at the lowest dose tested (16 mg/kg bw), this value was preliminarily identified as the LOAEL for MLT-induced immunotoxicity in mice.

Indexed as

humoral immunityimmunosuppressionimmunotoxicitylowest-observed-adverse-effect levelmalathion

Identifiers

PMID42043107
PMCPMC13119638

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.