Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42042841›Full record

ReviewVaccines2026

Role of Donor Unrestricted T Cells (DURTs) in TB Host Defense: Implications for Novel TB Vaccine Development.

Dylan Kain, David Michael Lewinsohn, Deborah Anne Lewinsohn

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Dylan KainUniversity Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
David Michael LewinsohnDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
Deborah Anne LewinsohnDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.

Funding

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI129980National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI134790-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease-related death globally. Most TB vaccine strategies have focused on conventional CD4 T cell responses, but to date, these have failed to deliver durable sterilizing protection. Donor unrestricted T cells (DURTs), including CD1-restricted T cells, HLA-E-restricted T cells, MR1-restricted T cells and γδ T cells represent an attractive complementary target for future TB vaccine development. They recognize antigens through conserved, non-polymorphic restricting elements and are therefore broadly targetable across genetically diverse populations. They are also enriched at mucosal sites, have rapid effector and cytotoxic capacities and recognize conserved mycobacterial ligands. Emerging human and animal data support their participation in antimycobacterial immunity and suggest they can be shaped by BCG vaccination and other immunization strategies. Here, we review the evidence for DURT involvement in TB host defense, assess their strengths and current limitations as vaccine targets, and discuss how DURT-directed approaches may help to enable faster, broader, and more durable protection against

Indexed as

donor unrestricted T cells (DURTs)Mycobacterium tuberculosistuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID42042841
PMCPMC13119548

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.