Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42042818›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Primary Care-Based Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Hungary, 2024/25.

Gergő Túri, Viktória Velkey, Krisztina Mucsányiné Juhász, Katalin Krisztalovics, Annamária Ferenczi, Csaba Luca, Edit Bilics, Katalin Kristóf, Beatrix Oroszi

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In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gergő TúriNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Viktória VelkeyNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Krisztina Mucsányiné JuhászNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Katalin KrisztalovicsNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Annamária FerencziNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Csaba LucaNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Edit BilicsNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Katalin KristófClinical Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Beatrix OrosziNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.

Funding

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control No. ECDC/2021/019 and VEBIS Lot 5 - ECDC specific contract No1National Research, Development and Innovation Office National Laboratory for Health Security Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe 2024/25 influenza season in Hungary experienced a major surge in cases, the largest since the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in primary care settings among adults and vaccination target groups, and also according to time since vaccination, prior seasonal vaccination, and influenza type.

methodsA test-negative case-control study was conducted in Hungary. Data and specimens were collected from primary care patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI). Patients with positive PCR test results for influenza were classified as cases, while those with negative test results for influenza were classified as controls. Adjusted VEs were calculated using logistic regression as (1 - odds ratio of vaccination) × 100.

resultsBetween November 2024 and May 2025, 2074 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 395 cases had influenza. Of the 129 vaccinated patients, 123 (95%) received trivalent inactivated adjuvanted whole-cell vaccine (TIAV), and 6 (5%) received quadrivalent split-virion vaccine. The VE against any influenza was 53% (95% CI: 13-74) in the 18+ age group and 52% (95% CI: 7-75) in the target group for vaccination. The VE against any influenza was 63% (95% CI: 17-84) 14-89 days after vaccination, and 27% (95% CI: -67-68) 90 days or more after vaccination. The VE against any influenza was 56% (95% CI: 1-80) with both current and prior seasonal vaccination, and 5% (95% CI: -64-45) with only prior seasonal vaccination. The VE against influenza A was 39% (95% CI: -16-68), and against influenza B was 80% (95% CI: 2-96).

conclusionsWe observed moderate vaccine effectiveness against any influenza, with higher protection within three months after vaccination. Our research findings provide evidence to inform the development of vaccines and the scheduling of vaccination campaigns, with the aim of maximizing the level of protection provided by vaccines throughout the entire influenza season.

Indexed as

effectivenessEuropeHungaryinfluenzaprimary caretest-negative designvaccine

Identifiers

PMID42042818
PMCPMC13120064

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.