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ArticleNeurology international2026

Temporal Patterns of Fever Onset as an Indicator of Etiology in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Felix Hess, Enayatullah Baki, Julian McGinnis, Tun Wiltgen, Hannah Scholz, Kathleen Bernkopf, Gerhard Schneider, Jan Kirschke, Dominik Sepp, Bernhard Hemmer and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Felix HessDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-1052-1088
Enayatullah BakiDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-4766-2781
Julian McGinnisDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-2224-7600
Tun WiltgenDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Hannah ScholzDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Kathleen BernkopfDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0009-0001-9295-2580
Gerhard SchneiderDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
Jan KirschkeDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7557-0003
Dominik SeppDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
Bernhard HemmerDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Silke WunderlichDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Mark MühlauDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9545-2709

Funding

Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art F.4-V0134.K5.1/86/34German Research Foundation DFG SPP2177German Research Foundation EXC 2145 SyNergy-ID 390857198
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFever occurs frequently in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with worse functional outcomes. Rapid identification of the fever's cause is crucial for guiding diagnostics and treatment. Data on the distribution of different fever causes in ICH are limited, and the diagnostic value of the day of fever onset remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the distribution of fever causes in a large cohort of ICH patients and to evaluate whether temporal patterns of fever onset are associated with its underlying cause in a clinically meaningful manner.

methodsThis retrospective single-center study included 547 patients with spontaneous ICH. Fever was defined as a body temperature exceeding 38.3 °C for at least two consecutive days. Fever causes were evaluated by two blinded investigators and categorized as infectious, central, or other causes. Infectious fever causes were further specified.

resultsFever occurred in 213 patients (39%) and was associated with longer hospital and ICU stays (both

conclusionsIn ICH, the day of fever onset may provide a useful clue to its etiology and could support clinical decision-making, but prospective validation is needed.

Indexed as

central feverfeverinfectionintracerebral hemorrhageoutcomepneumonia

Identifiers

PMID42042755
PMCPMC13119264

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