ArticleInsects2026
Evaluating a Novel Method to Limit Non-Target Mortality in Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait Systems.
Article in Insects, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) exploit mosquito sugar-feeding as a control strategy, but their use has been hindered by non-target (pollinator) exposure, environmental degradation, and the difficulties of selectively administering toxicants to mosquitoes. We developed and evaluated a perforated bag-based ATSB system incorporating 200-300 microperforations (<0.25 mm in diameter) to selectively deliver toxicants in sugar water to mosquitoes while physically excluding non-target pollinators (i.e., butterflies and honey bees). In laboratory assays, the perforated bag design supported high mosquito feeding success (87%) and rapid mortality (100% within 24 h) when combined with propylene glycol or dinotefuran, without deterring feeding behavior. Butterflies and honey bees were unable to access sugar solutions through the perforated bag, demonstrating selectivity toward mosquitoes due to differences in mouthpart morphology compared to non-targets. Semi-field trials showed that integrating perforated ATSB system into passive traps did not reduce capture rates of gravid
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