Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42042224›Full record

ArticleJournal of eye movement research2026

Aging Reduces the Efficiency of Parafoveal Lexical Activation During Chinese Sentence Reading.

Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan, Jinger Pan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of eye movement research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yiu-Kei TsangDepartment of Education and Psychology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Ming YanDepartment of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3772-5238
Jinger PanDepartment of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8160-9867

Funding

Macao Science and Technology Development Fund 0044/2024/RIA1University Grants Committee HKBU12617022University of Macao MYRG-GRG2023-00142-FSSUniversity of Macao MYRG-GRG2024-00081-FSS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study utilized the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm to examine age-related changes in parafoveal processing during Chinese sentence reading. A community sample of 65 older readers and 68 younger readers from Hong Kong read 130 sentences while their eye movements were recorded. In each sentence, an invisible boundary was placed just before a critical target word. Before the readers' eye gaze crossed the boundary, a parafoveal preview was presented in the position of the target word. The preview could be identical, orthographically related, phonologically related, semantically related, or unrelated to the first character of the target word. Once the eye gaze passed the boundary, the preview characters changed to the target. For the younger readers, the related parafoveal previews facilitated the subsequent foveal processing of the target compared to the unrelated previews across early and late eye movement measures. In contrast, the older readers demonstrated a reduced identical preview benefit in early eye movement measures. They also showed benefits in other preview conditions only in later measures. These results suggest that older Chinese readers can extract linguistic information from parafoveal vision despite reduced visual acuity. However, the efficiency of parafoveal processing is reduced, potentially due to slower processing speed and less efficient spreading activation within the lexical network.

Indexed as

Chinese readingcognitive agingeye movementparafoveal processingpreview benefits

Identifiers

PMID42042224
PMCPMC13117500

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.