Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42041812›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2026

What Lies Behind Diagnostic Labels? High Intra-Individual Variability Is the True Cognitive Signature of University Students with Specific Learning Disorders.

Sara Zonca, Marzia Lucia Bizzaro, Luisa Girelli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sara ZoncaDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-8224-2143
Marzia Lucia BizzaroDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Luisa GirelliDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2186-242X

Funding

Ministero dell'università e della ricerca 20228XPP9T
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

cognitive profilecomorbiditydomain-general componentsintra-individual variabilityspecific learning disordertransdiagnostic approachuniversity students

Identifiers

PMID42041812
PMCPMC13115440

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.