Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42041532›Full record

ArticleCells2026

Immunoproteasome Inhibition Modulates Microglial Polarization to Facilitate Anti-Inflammatory Responses and Hematoma Resolution After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Wei-Fen Hu, Chien-Hui Lee, Hsin-Yi Huang, Cheng-Yoong Pang, Yi-Feng Wu, Tsung-Jen Lin, Peter Bor-Chian Lin, Sheng-Tzung Tsai, Chia-Ho Lin, Hock-Kean Liew

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wei-Fen HuPhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
Chien-Hui LeeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-1119-1917
Hsin-Yi HuangDepartment of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
Cheng-Yoong PangDepartment of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-9063-2858
Yi-Feng WuSchool of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-1073-9194
Tsung-Jen LinDivision of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-8017-6369
Peter Bor-Chian LinDepartment of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Sheng-Tzung TsaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-6611-9440
Chia-Ho LinPhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
Hock-Kean LiewDepartment of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-5981-4100

Funding

Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan TCMMP112-01-03, TCMMP115-01-04 and TCMF-MP 113-01-02National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan NTSC111-2314-B-303-029 and MOST110-2314-B-303-018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage induces severe secondary brain injury characterized by excessive neuroinflammation and inefficient hematoma clearance, processes largely governed by microglial polarization and phagocytic activity. The immunoproteasome, an inducible proteasome isoform involved in immune regulation, has been implicated in inflammatory neurological disorders, but its role in microglial responses after ICH remains unclear. In this study, rat models of common hemorrhage, severe hemorrhage, and severe hemorrhage with hematoma aspiration were used to represent graded injury severity and post-evacuation recovery. Transcriptomic profiling at day 3 post-injury identified immunoproteasome-associated gene networks, while expression of the catalytic subunits LMP2 and LMP7, microglial polarization markers, and phagocytic receptors was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Severe hemorrhage markedly induced LMP2 and LMP7 expression, predominantly in Iba1

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsCell PolarityCerebral HemorrhageHematomaMicrogliaProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexProteasome InhibitorsAnimalsCysteine EndopeptidasesInflammationMalePhagocytosisRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCysteine EndopeptidasesLMP-2 proteinLMP7 proteinProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexProteasome Inhibitorshematoma clearanceimmunoproteasomeintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)microglial polarizationphagocytosis

Identifiers

PMID42041532
PMCPMC13115069

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.